At last, the development prospect of cu2znsns4 thin film solar cells was commented. Towards highefficiency czts solar cell through buffer layer. An overview of solar cell technology stanford university. If all of it was used to make solar cells, we could generate 0. The device performance of czts based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels 10%. Pdf development of a czts solar cell with cds buffer. Basic information on czts compound and solar cells.
In this work, two types of thin film solar cells tfscs, namely cu2znsns4 czts and ch3nh3pbi3 mapbi3 have been explored with a focus on the fabrication and. The device performance indicates that reline is a viable green solvent for the electrodeposition of czts thin film solar cells in a low cost way. Beyond 8% ultrathin kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 solar cells by interface. Solar frontier announced on tuesday that it had set a new conversion efficiency record for czts solar cells measuring 0. In order to accurately analyze the kesteritebased thinfilm solar cell performance and make highly efficient cells, a detailed analysis of band. The researchers are synthesizing the cis and czts based solar cells with the composition of cu, zn, sn, in and s elements. Synthesis and characterization of chemical spray pyrolysed czts. Pdf nanostructured ptype czts thin films prepared by facile. Czts is a promising photoabsorber as a photocathode for water reduction to produce hydrogen but its performance is often limited by the presence of a high concentration of defects. Towards phase pure czts thin films by silar method with.
Solar frontier breaks czts cell efficiency record pv. Cu2znsns4 czts based solar cells show a promising performance in the field of sunlightbased energy production system. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Appears in collections umtc undergraduate research presentations and papers urop 1541.
Secondgeneration cells are based on thin films of materials such as amorphous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon. Dec 11, 20 solar frontier announced on tuesday that it had set a new conversion efficiency record for czts solar cells measuring 0. Nevertheless, indium and gallium are rare in the earth and rather expensive, which may limit its largescale application in the future. Solutionprocessible solar cells are important in terms of the production cost of solar cells. Socalled thinfilm solar panels, although less efficient per square meter, tend to be much cheaper to produce, and they are the technology being tapped to realize the worlds largest proposed pv plant, the rancho cielo solar farm in belen, n.
Recent developments in cu 2 znsns 4 czts preparation, optimization and its application in solar cell development and photocatalytic applications. However, whereas cigs solar cells have reached an efficiency of 22. Air pollution and weather can also have a large effect on the efficiency of the cells. Enhanced heterojunction interface quality to achieve 9. Czts has kesterite structure and the compositions formula is cu 2 znsnsse 4. Cts and czts for solar cells made by pulsed laser deposition. The commonly observed ptype conductivity of czts thin films comes mainly from the cuzn antisite defect, partly explaining why czts thin films must be cupoor and zinc rich to successfully fabricate czts solar cells. Photovoltaic devices were prepared from the films and an efficiency of 3. Among them, thinfilm cigs solar cells have demonstrated a record efficiency of more than 20 % owing to their gleaming photovoltaic properties and great efforts. Cu 2 znsns 4 czts based devices has become increasingly popular due to the better efficiency with different architectures for various types of solar cells. Highenergy deposition methods for czts and cts solar cells.
However, integrating czts with silicon is challenging due to siliconincompatible processing steps in synthesis of czts, such as high temperature 550600oc. Previous work on cu2znsns, se4 cztsse has shown that it is an excellent candidate for use in thin film solar cells due to its earth abundant, inexpensive, non. Considering that the difference between the two lies in the choice of the absorber material, the cause of the lower efficiency of czts. Pdf nanoporous ptype semiconductor thin films are prepared by simple. A favorable band alignment is achieved using a 10 nm zn0. Firstgeneration cells are based on expensive silicon wafers and make up 85% of the current commercial market.
Eqe spectra of czts solar cells with czts thickness of a 550 nm and b 650 nm after czts layer sulphurized at 500 c and 600 c. The combination of a czts nps and sncl 2doped perovskite cztspvsk is reported for the first time. Czts thin film solar cells the science behind the research kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 czts materials have direct band gap energies ranging from 1. Some czts layers were directly spray onto fluorinedoped tin oxide substrats. Znoiznocds czts moslg with a rf sputtered cds buffer layer was reported in this study. Cu 2 znsns 4 czts may exhibit both kesterite and stannite polymorphs and shows promise as an absorber layer in thin film photovoltaic solar cells to be produced at terawatt scales. However, cztsbased solar cells suffer from low efficiency because of poor crystal quality, which is partly caused by secondary phase formation during synthesis. Thin films of zno, czts cu2znsns4 and znoczts were prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition spd. Light trapping enhancement in thin film silicon solar cell with different back reflector free download abstract. To increase the performance of czts based solar cell, buffer layer optimization is still an obstacle.
The possible future prospects in the performance improvement of the czts based solar cell is analyzed in the present work with the. Czts also has near ideal properties for solar photovoltaics, as it is a very strong absorber and has a band gap of around 1. Feb 11, 2012 most types of solar cell require large areas of land to achieve average efficiency. Solar cells using nontoxic abundant materials cuingase 2 20. Cu 2 znsns 4 is considered as the ideal absorption layer material in next generation thin film solar cells due to the abundant component elements in the crust being nontoxic and environmentally friendly. Pdf effect of czts parameters on photovoltaic solar cell from. This improvement is attributed to the better charge collection, which may. Czts cells are thinfilm solar cells that work as a result of the photoelectric effect 4. Effect of czts parameters on photovoltaic solar cell. The solar cell efficiency in czts was increased to 5. It shares similar structure with the chalcopyrite material cuins 2 except that half of the in is replaced with zn and another half with sn.
Electrodeposited czts solar cells from reline electrolyte. To increase the performance of cztsbased solar cell, buffer layer optimization is still an obstacle. The fabrication of highquality layers of czts and cts remains a challenge. Cu2znsns4 cztsbased solar cells show a promising performance in the field of sunlightbased energy production system. Growth of cztsbased monograins and their application to. Superstratetype itotio2in2s3c2 znsns4 thin film solar cell was developed. Light trapping mechanism is essential which have been explored and improved the performance of the solar. These achievements prove that czts based solar cells have the potential to be used for largescale deployment of photovoltaics.
Efficiency enhancement of cu2znsns4 solar cells via. Growth of czts thin films for environmentally benign solar cells. Puresulphide cu 2 znsns 4 czts thin film solar cells were prepared by a lowcost, nontoxic and highthroughput method based on the thermal decomposition and reaction of solgel precursor solution, followed by a high temperature sulfurization process in sulphur atmosphere, which usually gave rise to the unexpected cupoor and znrich phase after sulfurization. Mar 25, 20 cu 2 znsns 4 czts may exhibit both kesterite and stannite polymorphs and shows promise as an absorber layer in thin film photovoltaic solar cells to be produced at terawatt scales. Solution processed thin film solar cells have been considered as promising alternatives to csi solar cells because of the lowcost process and low consumption of raw materials. Enhanced conversion efficiency with reduced cost of thin film solar cell is the primary objective of the scientific community. Physical parameters used for numerical analysis of czts solar cells. The silicon used is also very expensive and the solar cells can only ever generate electricity during the daytime. Worlds highest efficiency rating achieved for czts thinfilm solar cells. It is a wellknown fact that modern society consumes a lot of energy, and at a rapidly increasing pace. Our numerical simulation of czts based solar cells including this alternate buffer layer showed an. These elements are available in the earths crust as. First, it outlines the physics of the photovoltaic effect, and then talks about the spectral irradiance of solar radiation and the influence of the earths atmosphere on it.
School of photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, university of. Current challenges and future prospects for a highly. In this final report highlights of the first three quarters will be provided and details will be given of the final quarter of the subcontract. In this work, numerical simulations were performed on structures based on czts absorber layer, zno window layer, and transparent conducting layer nito with. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and.
Single material solar cells, however, are now as efficient as physical and practical limits allow. After spraying a precursor solution of zno directly onto fluorinedoped tin oxide fto substrats, czts thin layers were sprayed onto layers of zno to forme a pn junction. Highly efficient, ultrathin 400 nm pure sulfide kesterite cu2znsns4 czts solar cells have been realized by interface reaction route controlling and selforganized nanopattern at the back. Growth of czts thin films for environmentally benign solar.
Thin films of czts and czto for solar cells produced by. Hereafter the czts had aroused the latent commercial interests. This study examines the effects of czts polymorphism and inhomogeneous distributions of czts polymorphs on device characteristics under scenarios of single phase. Numerical simulation of czts solar cell with silicon back surface. Most types of solar cell require large areas of land to achieve average efficiency.
In this work, we use atomic layer deposition ald to synthesize a wide range of zn1xsnxo zto, 0. In this work, numerical simulations were performed on structures based on czts absorber layer, zno window layer, and transparent conducting layer nito with different buffer. Ibm has an active research department in this area and recently announced a czts based solar cell that had a conversion efficiency of 11. Cu2znsns4xsex czts is an important semiconductor with significant potential for applications in the next generation of solar cells.
To further reduce the costs of solar energy, a novel, earth abundant, nontoxic and inexpensive material is required that can make this energy source competitive with fossil fuels. However, czts based solar cells suffer from low efficiency because of poor crystal quality, which is partly caused by secondary phase formation during synthesis. In this work, a numerical simulation of cdsczts based solar cell is performed using the solar cell capacitance simulator scaps. A study of czts thin films for solar cell applications. Highly efficient, ultrathin 400 nm pure sulfide kesterite cu2znsns4 czts solar cells have been realized by interface reaction route. Xiaolei liu, xiaojing hao, shujuan huang, gavin conibeer. But vacuum lines were still unable to avoid expensive equipment. Silicon solar pv panels wafers 150 cm2 12 25 cm x 12 25 cm for power generation 12. Modeling cu2znsns4 czts solar cells with kesterite and. Pdf synthesis of czts nanoparticles for lowcost solar cells. These achievements prove that cztsbased solar cells have the potential to be used for largescale deployment of photovoltaics. Cdfree czts thin film solar cell was fabricated with the conversion efficiency of 0. Thinfilm ftoznoczts solar cells fully deposited by. Towards highefficiency czts solar cell through buffer.
A novel and cost effective czts hole transport material. This study examines the effects of czts polymorphism and inhomogeneous distributions of czts polymorphs on device. Each of the first three quarters of the subcontract has been detailed in quarterly reports. Fundamental study of solution processed inorganic and. The fabrication of highquality layers of czts and cts remains a. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Beyond 8% ultrathin kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 solar cells by. A thin film solar cell device having the architecture nialal. Properties of solar cells fabricated with and without an undoped zno layer were compared. Solar cells with an efficiency of 19% have been fabricated with an absorber bandgap in the range of 1. Thinfilm ftoznoczts solar cells fully deposited by spray. In search of lower cost cells, people began experimenting with different liquid nonvacuum deposition methods in the recent two years and achieved a conversion efficiency of 11.
A small, prototype solar cell that uses czts, a photovoltaic semiconductor that university of utah metallurgists produced in an old microwave oven that once heated student lunches. Properties of high efficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells. Preparation and characterization of cu2znsns4 thin films and solar cells. Copper zinc tin sulfidebased thinfilm solar cells wiley.
Greenb and yexiang liua aschool of metallurgical science and engineering, central south university, changsha 410083, china. Efficiency enhancement of cu2znsns4 solar cells via surface. Basic structure of czts solar cell the schematic structure of czts solar cell is shown in figure 2. At present, thin film solar cells such as copper indium gallium selenium solar cells have received considerable attention because of their simple preparation technology, largescale production and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. Enhancing the opencircuit voltage and efficiency of czts thinfilm. Additionally, for comparison, spiromeotad as an htmbased psc was also fabricated.
Us9112075b2 cigs or cztsbased film solar cells and method. Crystallographically speaking, czts has two principal structures known as stannitetype space group i 2 m and kesteritetype space type i. Czts, a quaternary compound semiconductor based on nontoxic and earth abundant elements cu 2znsns 4, with a band gap of 1. Here, substitution of cd improves the bulk quality of czts, resulting in a photocurrent enhancement of 4 ma cm. Pdf effect of czts parameters on photovoltaic solar cell. The combination of a czts nps and sncl 2doped perovskite czts pvsk is reported for the first time. Thin films of zno, czts cu2znsns4 and zno czts were prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition spd. Cts and czts for solar cells made by pulsed laser deposition and pulsed electron deposition ettlinger, rebecca bolt. Downloaded by ewha womens university on 26052015 05. The photovoltaic properties of 3d pn junction czts solar cells is dominantly affected by the. Nontoxic and cheap thinfilm solar cells for zeroenergy buildings. This paper summerized the development situation of cu 2 znsns 4 thin film solar cells and the manufacturing technologies, as well as problems in the manufacturing process.
Characterization of cu2znsns4 thin films prepared by. The device performance of cztsbased thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels 10%. Synthesis of czts nanoparticles for lowcost solar cells article pdf available in journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 165. Czts thin film solar cells institute for materials. A strategy to stabilize kesterite czts for highperformance.
They have been recognized as a promising alternative to current solar cells because of their high absorption efficiency, direct band gap around 1. We have recently produced solar cells by cosputtering deposition and pld with a record efficiency of 6. Solutionprocessed cdsubstituted czts photocathode for. Optical and electrical properties study of solgel derived.
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